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Development of a BRET2 Screening Assay Using ß-Arrestin 2 Mutants
Milka Vrecl
Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Rasmus Jorgensen
7TM Pharma, Hørsholm, Denmark
Azra Poga nik
Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Anders Heding
7TM Pharma, Hørsholm, Denmark
This study has focused on enhancing the signal generated from the interaction between a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and ß-arrestin 2 (ß-arr2), measured by the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET2) technology. Both class A (ß2-adrenergic receptor [ß2-AR]) and class B (neurokinin-type 1 receptor [NK1-R]) GPCRs, classified based on their internalization characteristics, have been analyzed. It was evaluated whether the BRET2 signal can be enhanced by using (1) ß-arr2 phosphorylation-independent mutant (ß-arr2 R169E) and (2) ß-arr2 mutants deficient in their ability to interact with the components of the clathrin-coated vesicles (ß-arr2 R393E, R395E and ß-arr2 373 stop). For the class B receptor, there was no major difference in the agonist-promoted BRET2 signal when comparing results obtained with wild-type (wt) and mutant ß-arr2. However, with the class A receptor, a more than 2-fold increase in the BRET2 signal was observed with ß-arr2 mutants lacking the AP-2 or both AP-2 and clathrin binding sites. This set of data suggests that the inability of these ß-arr2 mutants to interact with the components of the clathrin-coated vesicle probably prevents their rapid dissociation from the receptor, thus yielding an increased and more stable BRET2 signal. The ß-arr2 R393E, R395E mutant also enhanced the signal window with other members of the GPCR family (neuropeptide Y type 2 receptor [NPY2-R] and TG1019 receptor) and was successfully applied in full-plate BRET2-based agonist and antagonist screening assays.
Key Words: GPCRs • ß-arrestin 2 • BRET2 • screening
Journal of Biomolecular Screening, Vol. 9, No. 4,
322-333 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1087057104263212
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