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Journal of Biomolecular Screening
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Ultra-High-Throughput Microarray Generation and Liquid Dispensing Using Multiple Disposable Piezoelectric Ejectors

Huangpin Ben Hsieh

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA ben{at}parc.com

John Fitch

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Dave White

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Frank Torres

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Joy Roy

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Robert Matusiak

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Bob Krivacic

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Bob Kowalski

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Richard Bruce

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

Scott Elrod

Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA

The authors have constructed an array of 12 piezoelectric ejectors for printing biological materials. A single-ejector footprint is 8 mm in diameter, standing 4 mm high with 2 reservoirs totaling 76 µL. These ejectors have been tested by dispensing various fluids in several environmental conditions. Reliable drop ejection can be expected in both humidity-controlled and ambient environments over extended periods of time and in hot and cold room temperatures. In a prototype system, 12 ejectors are arranged in a rack, together with an X - Y stage, to allow printing any pattern desired. Printed arrays of features are created with a biological solution containing bovine serum albumin conjugated oligonucleotides, dye, and salty buffer. This ejector system is designed for the ultra-high-throughput generation of arrays on a variety of surfaces. These single or racked ejectors could be used as long-term storage vessels for materials such as small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, or cell libraries, which would allow for efficient preprogrammed selection of individual clones and greatly reduce the chance of cross-contamination and loss due to transfer. A new generation of design ideas includes plastic injection molded ejectors that are inexpensive and disposable and handheld personal pipettes for liquid transfer in the nanoliter regime. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2004:85-94)

Key Words: ultra-high-throughput microarrays • piezoelectric ejectors • liquid dispensing technology • bioprinting

Journal of Biomolecular Screening, Vol. 9, No. 2, 85-94 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/1087057103260943
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